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Study selection (PRISMA 2020)

The PRISMA 2020 flow of a systematic review as a flow chart: records from databases and registers, duplicates removed, screening, reports sought and assessed, and the studies included, with every exclusion in a dashed box beside the main path and the three phases as groups. Counts in the sublabels; the description and the table list every step and edge. Illustrative counts, with a phone variant.

Study selection (PRISMA 2020)

examples/study-selection.json
{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "type": "flow",
  "title": "Study selection (PRISMA 2020)",
  "source": "Illustrative counts. Reports excluded: wrong population 61, wrong outcome 48, other 33",
  "width": 720,
  "height": 980,
  "flow": {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "id": "databases",
        "label": "Records from databases",
        "sublabel": "n = 1,482",
        "kind": "io"
      },
      {
        "id": "registers",
        "label": "Records from registers",
        "sublabel": "n = 214",
        "kind": "io"
      },
      {
        "id": "duplicates",
        "label": "Duplicates removed",
        "sublabel": "n = 389",
        "kind": "external"
      },
      {
        "id": "screened",
        "label": "Records screened",
        "sublabel": "n = 1,307"
      },
      {
        "id": "excluded",
        "label": "Records excluded",
        "sublabel": "n = 1,121",
        "kind": "external"
      },
      {
        "id": "sought",
        "label": "Reports sought",
        "sublabel": "n = 186"
      },
      {
        "id": "missing",
        "label": "Reports not retrieved",
        "sublabel": "n = 9",
        "kind": "external"
      },
      {
        "id": "assessed",
        "label": "Reports assessed",
        "sublabel": "n = 177"
      },
      {
        "id": "reasons",
        "label": "Reports excluded",
        "sublabel": "n = 142",
        "kind": "external"
      },
      {
        "id": "studies",
        "label": "Studies included",
        "sublabel": "n = 35",
        "kind": "end"
      }
    ],
    "edges": [
      {
        "from": "databases",
        "to": "duplicates"
      },
      {
        "from": "registers",
        "to": "duplicates"
      },
      {
        "from": "duplicates",
        "to": "screened"
      },
      {
        "from": "screened",
        "to": "excluded"
      },
      {
        "from": "screened",
        "to": "sought"
      },
      {
        "from": "sought",
        "to": "missing"
      },
      {
        "from": "sought",
        "to": "assessed"
      },
      {
        "from": "assessed",
        "to": "reasons"
      },
      {
        "from": "assessed",
        "to": "studies"
      }
    ],
    "mainPath": [
      "databases",
      "duplicates",
      "screened",
      "sought",
      "assessed",
      "studies"
    ],
    "groups": [
      {
        "label": "Identification",
        "nodes": [
          "databases",
          "registers",
          "duplicates"
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Screening",
        "nodes": [
          "screened",
          "excluded",
          "sought",
          "missing",
          "assessed",
          "reasons"
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Included",
        "nodes": [
          "studies"
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "mobile": {
    "width": 440,
    "height": 960
  }
}
Focus
Study selection (PRISMA 2020)
Study selection (PRISMA 2020)Flow chart with 10 steps and 9 connections. Main path: Records from databases → Duplicates removed → Records screened → Reports sought → Reports assessed → Studies included. Nothing leads into Records from databases and Records from registers. Nothing leads out of Records excluded, Reports not retrieved and Reports excluded. Bottlenecks: Records screened and Reports sought; without either the diagram falls apart. Records from databases (input or output): leads to Duplicates removed. Records from registers (input or output): leads to Duplicates removed. Duplicates removed (external): leads to Records screened. Records screened: leads to Records excluded and Reports sought. Records excluded (external): no further step. Reports sought: leads to Reports not retrieved and Reports assessed. Reports not retrieved (external): no further step. Reports assessed: leads to Reports excluded and Studies included. Reports excluded (external): no further step. Studies included (end): no further step. Group "Identification": Records from databases, Records from registers, Duplicates removed. Group "Screening": Records screened, Records excluded, Reports sought, Reports not retrieved, Reports assessed, Reports excluded. Group "Included": Studies included.IncludedScreeningIdentificationRecords from databases → Duplicates removedRecords from registers → Duplicates removedDuplicates removed → Records screenedRecords screened → Records excludedRecords screened → Reports soughtReports sought → Reports not retrievedReports sought → Reports assessedReports assessed → Reports excludedReports assessed → Studies includedRecords from databases – n = 1,482Records from databasesn = 1,482Records from registers – n = 214Records from registersn = 214Duplicates removed – n = 389Duplicates removedn = 389Records screened – n = 1,307Records screenedn = 1,307Records excluded – n = 1,121Records excludedn = 1,121Reports sought – n = 186Reports soughtn = 186Reports not retrieved – n = 9Reports not retrievedn = 9Reports assessed – n = 177Reports assessedn = 177Reports excluded – n = 142Reports excludedn = 142Studies included – n = 35Studies includedn = 35
Study selection (PRISMA 2020)Flow chart with 10 steps and 9 connections. Main path: Records from databases → Duplicates removed → Records screened → Reports sought → Reports assessed → Studies included. Nothing leads into Records from databases and Records from registers. Nothing leads out of Records excluded, Reports not retrieved and Reports excluded. Bottlenecks: Records screened and Reports sought; without either the diagram falls apart. Records from databases (input or output): leads to Duplicates removed. Records from registers (input or output): leads to Duplicates removed. Duplicates removed (external): leads to Records screened. Records screened: leads to Records excluded and Reports sought. Records excluded (external): no further step. Reports sought: leads to Reports not retrieved and Reports assessed. Reports not retrieved (external): no further step. Reports assessed: leads to Reports excluded and Studies included. Reports excluded (external): no further step. Studies included (end): no further step. Group "Identification": Records from databases, Records from registers, Duplicates removed. Group "Screening": Records screened, Records excluded, Reports sought, Reports not retrieved, Reports assessed, Reports excluded. Group "Included": Studies included.IncludedScreeningIdentificationRecords from databases → Duplicates removedRecords from registers → Duplicates removedDuplicates removed → Records screenedRecords screened → Records excludedRecords screened → Reports soughtReports sought → Reports not retrievedReports sought → Reports assessedReports assessed → Reports excludedReports assessed → Studies includedRecords from databases – n = 1,482Records fromdatabasesn = 1,482Records from registers – n = 214Records fromregistersn = 214Duplicates removed – n = 389Duplicatesremovedn = 389Records screened – n = 1,307Recordsscreenedn = 1,307Records excluded – n = 1,121Recordsexcludedn = 1,121Reports sought – n = 186Reportssoughtn = 186Reports not retrieved – n = 9Reports notretrievedn = 9Reports assessed – n = 177Reportsassessedn = 177Reports excluded – n = 142Reportsexcludedn = 142Studies included – n = 35Studiesincludedn = 35

Source: Illustrative counts. Reports excluded: wrong population 61, wrong outcome 48, other 33

Show chart data
Data for Study selection (PRISMA 2020)
StepKindGroupLeads to
Records from databasesinput or outputIdentificationDuplicates removed
Records from registersinput or outputIdentificationDuplicates removed
Duplicates removedexternalIdentificationRecords screened
Records screenedstepScreeningRecords excluded, Reports sought
Records excludedexternalScreening
Reports soughtstepScreeningReports not retrieved, Reports assessed
Reports not retrievedexternalScreening
Reports assessedstepScreeningReports excluded, Studies included
Reports excludedexternalScreening
Studies includedendIncluded
  • Flow chart (PRISMA)
  • Report how studies were selected